Basics

What is a source distribution?

Source distribution: Glossary - Python Packaging User Guide

What is a binary distribution?

Binary distribution: Glossary - Python Packaging User Guide

What is a wheel distribution?

What Are Python Wheels and Why Should You Care? – Real Python

What is pyproject.toml?

pyproject.toml: Glossary - Python Packaging User Guide

What is requirements.txt?

requirements.txt is a file that is used to define a project's dependencies.

Checkout for more: Glossary - Python Packaging User Guide

What are *.lock files?

Checkout: The purpose of a lock file - Packaging - Discussions on Python.org

What is setup.py?

The setup.py file is at the heart of a Python project. It describes all the metadata about your project. There are quite a few fields you can add to a project to give it a rich set of metadata describing the project. However, there are only three required fields: name, version, and packages. - Taken from Python Setup.py - Python Cheatsheet

Copilet's says it's a script that automates the installation of a Python package. It is also used to create a source distribution and a binary distribution. setup.py is the traditional way of defining a package. setup.cfg and pyproject.toml are the new ways of defining a package.

Project: Glossary - Python Packaging User Guide

What is setup.cfg?

setup.cfg:

Glossary - Python Packaging User Guide

Packaging and distributing projects - Python Packaging User Guide